UNIT
I - BASICS OF RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS:
Atomic
Structure - Nuclear Transformation - Radioactivity and radioactive decay successive
disintegration and equilibrium conditions - Interaction of Radiation with matter;
electromagnetic radiation, charged particles and neutrons – Radiation attenuation
coefficients - Radiation dosimetric concepts, quantities and units – cavity theories
- Principles of Radiation detection and measurements - Radiation dosimeters and
Radiation monitors.
UNIT
II - RADIATION THERAPY PHYSICS:
Radiotherapy
with sealed and unsealed radionuclide – Mechanism of Telecobalt and linear
accelerators (LINAC) – Physics of Modern radiotherapy machines - 3D CRT, IMRT,
SRS & SRT, IGRT, cyber kinfe and Proton Beam therapy - Radiation Dosimetry protocol
(TRS 398), Calibration of teletherapy equipments - Quality Assurance of Radiotherapy
machines - Treatment Planning System (TPS) in radiation therapy & Quality
assurance of TPS.
UNIT
III - PHYSICS OF BRACHYTHERAPY:
Introduction
to Brachytherapy radionuclide and their properties - Production and construction
of sealed – LDR, MDR and HDR Brachytherapy sources, their specification &
calibration - reference Exposure rate - reference air kerma rate and air kerma
strength - source calibration using an In-air set-up and calibration using a
well type ionization chamber - source calibration using solid phantoms- source
dosimetry - Interstitial, Intracavitary, intraluminal and pulsed brachytherapy
- Monte Carlo Based source dosimetry - Quality assurance of brachytherapy quipments.
UNIT
IV - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION:
Physics of
radiation absorption - Cancer biology - Cell survival curves - Fractionation in
Radiation therapy- dose rate effect - Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) – Relative
Biological Effectiveness (RBE) – Linear
Energy Transfer (LET) - Molecular mechanism of DNA & chromosomal damage and
repair – 4 R’s of Radiobiology - Bioeffect models; Time Dose Fractionation
(TDF) and Extrapolated Response Dose (ERD) - Hyperthermia - Radioprotectors Effects
of radiation on embryo and fetus – Acute radiation syndrome.
UNIT
V - RADIATION HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROL:
Basic
concepts of Radiation protection standards - philosophy behind radiation protection
- External radiation protection - ICRP recommendations - Radiation dose limits
- system of radiological protection - Equivalent dose, effective dose,
committed dose - radiation exposures - Evaluation of external and internal
radiation hazards and control - ALI-DAC- MPBB - planning and shielding
calculations - radioactive waste disposal - Radiation emergencies, medical
management and legislation.
UNIT
VI - DIAGNOSTIC RADIATION PHYSICS:
Basic Physics
of diagnostic radiology – Production of X-rays - diagnostic X-ray tube & its
electrical circuits- X-ray tube rating - X-ray film, properties &
Processing - Intensifying screens - Factors affecting radiographic imaging -
fluoroscopy - Tomography - Various diagnostic X-ray tubes and shields –
Computer Tomography (CT) and its generations - Quality assurance of diagnostic
equipments – Digital substraction angiography (DSA)
UNIT
VII - PHYSICS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE:
Scintillation
counters - Different types of collimators - Gamma camera - single head and dual
head scanners - Emission tomography - Single photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT) - Positron emission tomography (PET) - Production of radioisotopes for
nuclear medicine procedure – Technetium generator – Radiopharmaceuticals and
their clinical applications.
UNIT
VIII - PHYSICS OF ULTRASOUND & IMAGING:
Production
& properties of ultrasound - propagation of ultrasound through body tissue
- Acoustic impedance and acoustical characteristics in human body – ultrasound dosimetry
- piezoelectric transducers - ultrasound scanning modes – Ultrasound cardiography
(UCG) – Doppler effect - Double doppler shift – doppler systems - ultrasonic
tomography - applications of ultrasound in medicine.
UNIT
IX - LASERS IN MEDICINE AND THERMOGRAPHY:
Theory and
production of medical lasers - Laser Tissue interaction mechanism – Applications
of lasers in Dermatology, Oncology, Opthalmology - Application of ultrafast pulsed
lasers in Medicine - laser blood flow meter. Hazards of lasers and their safety
measures - Various types of electromagnetic radiations; UV, Visible, IR, their
sources and detectors - Optical properties of tissues – Medical Applications of
IR radiations in diagnosis and therapy.
UNIT
X - MRI AND BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION :
Basic principles
of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Larmor frequency – Resonance - Slice
selection - localization within slices – Machanism of relaxation (T1 and T2) - contrast
agents – MRI system - Electrocardiography (ECG) – Electroencephalography (EEG)
– Electromyography (EMG) - physiological assist devices - pacemaker – defibrillators
- heart lung machine - diathermy units – Dialysis units; Hemo & peritonial dialysis
- Blood cell counter.
Thanks.
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