Microsoft
Excel
Microsoft
Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and
iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro
programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). It has been a
very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5
in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for
spreadsheets. Excel forms part of the Microsoft Office suite of software.Basic
operation
Spreadsheet
Microsoft
Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets,[6] using a grid of cells
arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data
manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied
functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial needs. In addition,
it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very
limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to
view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using
pivot tables and the scenario manager). A PivotTable is a powerful tool that
can save time when it comes to data analysis. It does this by simplifying large
data sets via PivotTable fields that are also known as "the building blocks
of PivotTables." It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for
Applications, allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods,
for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics, and
then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of
interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the
spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called
application, or decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user
interface, for example, a stock analyzer, or in general, as a design tool that
asks the user questions and provides answers and reports. In a more elaborate
realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external databases and
measuring instruments using an update schedule, analyze the results, make a
Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a
regular basis to a list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a
database.[citation needed]
Microsoft
allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in
which Excel starts.
Functions
See also:
Microsoft Power Fx
Excel
2016 has 484 functions. Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft
classifies these functions in 14 categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386
may be called from VBA as methods of the object "WorksheetFunction and 44
have the same names as VBA functions.
With the
introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will become Turing complete.
Macro
programming
VBA
programming
Main
article: Visual Basic for Applications
The
Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic
for Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with
VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard
spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write code directly using the Visual
Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing code, debugging code,
and code module organization environment. The user can implement numerical
methods as well as automating tasks such as formatting or data organization in
VBA and guide the calculation using any
desired intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet.
VBA was
removed from Mac Excel 2008, as the developers did not believe that a timely
release would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X. VBA was
restored in the next version, Mac Excel 2011, although the build lacks support
for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level developer tools.
A common
and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder. The Macro Recorder records actions of the
user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions can then be
repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros can also be linked to
different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a command button or a graphic.
The actions in the macro can be executed from these trigger types or from the
generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro can also be edited in the
VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by their own
properties, and some graphical display items, cannot be recorded but must be
entered into the VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced users can
employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such
as sheets being loaded or changed.
Macro
Recorded code may not be compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used
in Excel 2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the
cell colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward
compatible.
VBA code
interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model, a vocabulary
identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods
that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its
users (for example, through custom toolbars or command bars and message boxes).
User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like macros
generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and efficient.
History
From its
first version Excel supported end-user programming of macros (automation of
repetitive tasks) and user-defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in
function library). In early versions of Excel, these programs were written in a
macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of
special-purpose macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM
was the default macro language for Excel through Excel 4.0. Beginning with
version 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0 XLM
recording was still allowed as an option. After version 5.0 that option was
discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2010 are capable of
running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their use.
Charts
Excel
supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of
cells. It also supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to be linked
directly to a Pivot table. This allows the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot
Table. The generated graphic component can either be embedded within the
current sheet or added as a separate object.
These
displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For example,
suppose that the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in
response to a user's change in trial values for parameters, the curves
describing the design change shape, and their points of intersection shift,
assisting the selection of the best design.
Add-ins
Additional
features are available using add-ins. Several are provided with Excel, including:
Analysis
ToolPak: Provides data analysis tools for statistical and engineering analysis
(includes analysis of variance and regression analysis)
Analysis
ToolPak VBA: VBA functions for Analysis ToolPak
Euro
Currency Tools: Conversion and formatting for euro currency
Solver
Add-In: Tools for optimization and equation solving
Excel for
the web
Further
information: Microsoft Office § Office on the web
Excel for
the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel available as part of
Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Word and
Microsoft PowerPoint.
Excel for
the web can display most of the features available in the desktop versions of
Excel, although it may not be able to insert or edit them. Certain data
connections are not accessible on Excel for the web, including with charts that
may use these external connections. Excel for the web also cannot display
legacy features, such as Excel 4.0 macros or Excel 5.0 dialog sheets. There are
also small differences between how some of the Excel functions work.
Data
storage and communication
Number of
rows and columns
Versions
of Excel up to 7.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214
= 16384) rows. Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (216 = 65536) rows
and 256 columns (28 as label 'IV'). Version 12.0 onwards, including the current
Version 16.x, can handle over 1M (220 = 1048576) rows, and 16384 (214 as label
'XFD') columns.
File
formats
Microsoft
Excel up until 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel
Binary File Format (.XLS) as its primary format.[33] Excel 2007 uses Office
Open XML as its primary file format, an XML-based format that followed after a
previous XML-based format called "XML Spreadsheet"
("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002.
Although
supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements,
Excel 2007 remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats.
In addition, most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and
other legacy formats. Support for some older file formats was removed in Excel
2007.The file formats were mainly from DOS-based programs.
Binary
OpenOffice.org
has created documentation of the Excel format. Two epochs of the format exist:
the 97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format. Microsoft has made the
Excel binary format specification available to freely download.
t
Versions
Early
history
Microsoft
originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982. Multiplan
became very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity
to Lotus 1-2-3. Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Macintosh
on September 30, 1985, and the first Windows version was 2.05 (to synchronize
with the Macintosh version 2.2) in November 1987. Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-3
to Windows and by the early 1990s, Excel had started to outsell 1-2-3 and
helped Microsoft achieve its position as a leading PC software developer. This
accomplishment solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future
of developing GUI software. Microsoft maintained its advantage with regular new
releases, every two years or so.
Microsoft
Windows
Excel 2.0
is the first version of Excel for the Intel platform. Versions prior to 2.0
were only available on the Apple Macintosh.
Excel 2.0
(1987)
The first
Windows version was labeled "2" to correspond to the Mac version.
This included a run-time version of Windows.[91]
BYTE in
1989 listed Excel for Windows as among the "Distinction" winners of
the BYTE Awards. The magazine stated that the port of the
"extraordinary" Macintosh version "shines", with a user
interface as good as or better than the original.
Excel 3.0
(1990)
Included
toolbars, drawing capabilities, outlining, add-in support, 3D charts, and many
more new features.[91]
Excel 4.0
(1992)
Introduced
auto-fill.
Also, an
easter egg in Excel 4.0 reveals a hidden animation of a dancing set of numbers
1 through 3, representing Lotus 1-2-3, which is then crushed by an Excel logo
Excel 5.0
(1993)
With
version 5.0, Excel has included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a
programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the ability to automate
tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions (UDF) for use in
worksheets. VBA is a powerful addition to the application and includes a fully featured
integrated development environment (IDE). Macro recording can produce VBA code
replicating user actions, thus allowing simple automation of regular tasks. VBA
allows the creation of forms and in‑worksheet controls to communicate with the
user. The language supports use (but not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL's;
later versions add support for class modules allowing the use of basic
object-oriented programming techniques.
The
automation functionality provided by VBA made Excel a target for macro viruses.
This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to detect these
viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to prevent the misuse by adding the
ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook
or to trust all macros signed using a trusted certificate.
Versions
5.0 to 9.0 of Excel contain various Easter eggs, including a "Hall of
Tortured Souls", a Doom-like minigame, although since version 10 Microsoft
has taken measures to eliminate such undocumented features from their
products.[94]
5.0 was
released in a 16-bit x86 version for Windows 3.1 and later in a 32-bit version
for NT 3.51 (x86/Alpha/PowerPC)
Excel 95
(v7.0)
Released
in 1995 with Microsoft Office for Windows 95, this is the first major version
after Excel 5.0, as there is no Excel 6.0 with all of the Office applications
standardizing on the same major version number.
Internal
rewrite to 32-bits. Almost no external changes, but faster and more stable.
Excel 97
(v8.0)
Included
in Office 97 (for x86 and Alpha). This was a major upgrade that introduced the
paper clip office assistant and featured standard VBA used instead of internal
Excel Basic. It introduced the now-removed Natural Language labels.
This
version of Excel includes a flight simulator as an Easter Egg.
Excel
2000 (v9.0)
Included
in Office 2000. This was a minor upgrade but introduced an upgrade to the
clipboard where it can hold multiple objects at once. The Office Assistant,
whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users,
became less intrusive.
Excel
2002 (v10.0)
Included
in Office XP. Very minor enhancements.
Excel
2003 (v11.0)
Included
in Office 2003. Minor enhancements, the most significant being the new Tables.
Excel
2007 (v12.0)
Included
in Office 2007. This release was a major upgrade from the previous version.
Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in 2007 used the new Ribbon
menu system. This was different from what users were used to, and was met with
mixed reactions. One study reported fairly good acceptance by users except
highly experienced users and users of word processing applications with a
classical WIMP interface, but was less convinced in terms of efficiency and
organization.] However, an online survey reported that a majority of
respondents had a negative opinion of the change, with advanced users being
"somewhat more negative" than intermediate users, and users reporting
a self-estimated reduction in productivity.
Added
functionality included the SmartArt set of editable business diagrams. Also
added was an improved management of named variables through the Name Manager,
and much-improved flexibility in formatting graphs, which allow (x, y)
coordinate labeling and lines of arbitrary weight. Several improvements to
pivot tables were introduced.
Also like
other office products, the Office Open XML file formats were introduced,
including .xlsm for a workbook with macros and .xlsx for a workbook without
macros.
Specifically,
many of the size limitations of previous versions were greatly increased. To
illustrate, the number of rows was now 1,048,576 (220) and columns was 16,384
(214; the far-right column is XFD). This changes what is a valid A1 reference
versus a named range. This version made more extensive use of multiple cores
for the calculation of spreadsheets; however, VBA macros are not handled in
parallel and XLL add‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were
thread-safe and this was indicated at registration.
Excel
2010 (v14.0)
Included
in Office 2010, this is the next major version after v12.0, as version number
13 was skipped.
Minor
enhancements and 64-bit support, including the following:
Multi-threading
recalculation (MTR) for commonly used functions
Improved
pivot tables
More
conditional formatting options
Additional
image editing capabilities
In-cell
charts called sparklines
Ability
to preview before pasting
Office
2010 backstage feature for document-related tasks
Ability
to customize the Ribbon
Many new
formulas, most highly specialized to improve accuracy
Excel
2013 (v15.0)
Included
in Office 2013, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:
Improved
Multi-threading and Memory Contention
FlashFill
Power
View
Power
Pivot
Timeline
Slicer
Windows
App
Inquire
50 new
functions
Excel
2016 (v16.0)
Included
in Office 2016, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:
Power
Query integration
Read-only
mode for Excel
Keyboard
access for Pivot Tables and Slicers in Excel
New Chart
Types
Quick
data linking in Visio
Excel
forecasting functions
Support
for multi-selection of Slicer items using touch
Time
grouping and Pivot Chart Drill Down
Excel
data cards[104]
Excel
2019, Office 365 and subsequent (v16.0)
Microsoft
no longer releases Office or Excel in discrete versions. Instead, features are
introduced automatically over time using Windows Update. The version number
remains 16.0. Thereafter only the approximate dates when features appear can
now be given.
Dynamic
Arrays. These are essentially Array Formulas but they "Spill"
automatically into neighboring cells and does not need the ctrl-shift-enter to
create them. Further, dynamic arrays are the default format, with new
"@" and "#" operators to provide compatibility with
previous versions. This is perhaps the biggest structural change since 2007,
and is in response to a similar feature in Google Sheets. Dynamic arrays
started appearing in pre-releases about 2018, and as of March 2020 are
available in published versions of Office 365 provided a user selected
"Office Insiders".
Apple
Macintosh
Microsoft
Excel for Mac 2011
1985
Excel 1.0
1988
Excel 1.5
1989
Excel 2.2
1990
Excel 3.0
1992
Excel 4.0
1993
Excel 5.0 (part of Office 4.x—Final Motorola 680x0 version and first PowerPC
version)
1998
Excel 8.0 (part of Office 98)
2000
Excel 9.0 (part of Office 2001)
2001
Excel 10.0 (part of Office v. X)
2004
Excel 11.0 (part of Office 2004)
2008
Excel 12.0 (part of Office 2008)
2010
Excel 14.0 (part of Office 2011)
2015 Excel
15.0 (part of Office 2016—Office 2016 for Mac brings the Mac version much
closer to parity with its Windows cousin, harmonizing many of the reporting and
high-level developer functions, while bringing the ribbon and styling into line
with its PC counterpart.)
OS/2
1989
Excel 2.2
1990
Excel 2.3
1991
Excel 3.0
Mobile
Excel
Mobile is a spreadsheet program that can edit XLSX files. It can edit and
format text in cells, calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort
rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the columns, add comments, and create
charts. It can't add columns or rows except at the edge of the document,
rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add spreadsheet tabs.The
2007 version has the ability to use a full-screen mode to deal with limited
screen resolution, as well as split panes to view different parts of a
worksheet at one time. Protection settings, zoom settings, autofilter settings,
certain chart formatting, hidden sheets, and other features are not supported
on Excel Mobile, and will be modified upon opening and saving a workbook. In
2015, Excel Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on
Windows Store.
See Video Link 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
0 Response to "Microsoft Excel with Video - Excel Very Easy Ways"
Post a Comment