10th Std & History & UNIT 2 & The World Between Two World Wars 2 - QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

 

      Exercise
 
I. Choose the Correct Answer:
 
1. With whom of the following was the Lateran Treaty signed by Italy?
a) Germany b) Russia
c) Pope d) Spain Ans: c) Pope
2.With whose conquest did the Mexican civilization collapse?
a) Hernan Cortes b) Francisco Pizarro
c) Toussaint Louverture d) Pedro I Ans: a) Hernan Cortes
3. Who made Peru as part of their dominions?
a) English b) Spaniards
c) Russians d) French Ans: b) Spaniards
4.Which President of the USA pursued ""Good Neighbour'' policy towards Latin
America?
a) Roosevelt b) Truman
c) Woodrow Wilson d) Eisenhower Ans: a) Roosevelt
5.Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?
a) Europe b) Latin America
c) India d) China Ans: b) Latin America
 
II. Fill in the blanks:
 
1. The founder of the Social Democratic Party was ________. Ans: Mussolini
2. The Nazi Party's propaganda was led by ________. Ans: Josef Goebbels
3. The Vietnam Nationalist Party was formed in ________. Ans: 1927
4. The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was known as ________.
 Ans: Gestapo
5. The Union of South Africa came into being in May ________. Ans: 1910.
6. The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for ________ years
 Ans: 27 years
7. Boers were also known as ________. Ans: Afrikaners
 
III. Choose the Correct Statement
 
1. i) During World War I, the primary task of Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied
on the Southern Front. (T)
ii) Germany took to Fascism much later than Italy. (T)
iii) The first huge market crash in the US occurred on 24 October 1929. (T)
iv) The ban on African National Congress was lifted in 1966. (F)
a) i) and ii) are correct b) iii) is correct
c) iii) and iv) are correct d) i), ii) and iii) are correct
Ans: d) i), ii) and iii) are correct
2. Assertion : A new wave of economic nationalism which expressed itself in protectionism
affected the world trade.
Reason : This was because the USA was not willing to provide economic aid to the
debtor countries.
a) Both A and R are correct b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation
c) Both A and R are wrong d) R is right but it has no relevance to A
Ans: b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation.
3. Assertion : The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884–85 had resolved that Africa should
be divided into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.
Reason : The war between the British and Boers in South Africa, however, was in
defiance of this resolution.
a) Both A and R are right b) A is right but R is not the right reason
c) Both A and R are wrong d) A is wrong and R has no relevance to A
Ans: a) Both A and R are right
 
IV. Match the following:
 
1. Transvaal – a) Germany
2. Tongking – b) Hitler
3. Hindenburg – c) Italy
4. Third Reich – d) gold
5. Matteotti – e) guerilla activities
 
Ans: 1. d, 2. e, 3. a, 4. b, 5. c
 
V. Answer briefly:
 
1.What do you know of the White Terror in Indo&China?
·  In 1929, the Vietnamese soldiers started a mutiny against the French.
·  There was a failed attempt to assassinate the French Governor General.
·  This was followed by a large scale peasant revolt led by the Communists.
·  The revolt was crushed and thousands of rebels were killed.
·   This is known as "White Terror in Indo&china.
 
2.Discuss the importance of Ottawa Economic Summit.
·   The Great Depression of 1929 had a disastrous impact on British trade and business.
·   Britain transmitted the effects of Depression to its colonies.
·  Bilateral trade treaties between Britain and the member states of the British Empire  were signed at an economic summit in Ottawa in 1932.
·  By that, the participants (including India) agreed to give preference to imperial over non imperial (British) goods.
 
3. What was the result of Mussolini's march on Rome?
·   In October 1922, Mussolini organised Fascist March on Rome.
·   Inspired by the show of force, the King invited Mussolini to form a government.
·   Without any hardship, Mussolini formed the government

 4.Point out the essence of the Berlin Colonial Conference, 1884&85.
·   The interior of Africa was unknown to the outside world until the last quarter of 19th century.
·  European colonization began after 1875.
· The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884&85 had resolved that Africa should be divided  into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.
 
5. How did Great Depression impact on the Indian agriculture?
·    Due to Economic Depression, the value of farm products was declined by half.
·    At same time, the land rent to be paid by the peasants remained unchanged.
·   The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists to demand protection for the internal economy.
·    In 1930s saw the emergence of the Indian National Congress as a militant mass movement.
 
6. Define ""Dollar Imperialism.''
·  Dollar Imperialism is the term used to describe the policy of the USA in maintaining and dominating over distant lands through economic aid.
·  It was coined by the Soviet Union when the USA as a part of its plan to contain  communism pumped in 13 million dollars into the European economy.
 
VI. Answer the following in detail:
 
1. Trace the circumstances that led to the rise of Hitler in Germany.
The factors which led to the rise of Hitler in Germany were
·  Before the First World War, Germany reached the peak of economic, political and cultural accomplishments.
·  Germany had surpassed even Britain and the US in several fields of industrial production.
·  But, Germany was defeated and humiliated at the end of World War I. The German people were demoralized.
·  The reparations and other clauses in the Treaty of Versailles caused acute discontent and hardship.
·  Germany's defeat and humiliation at the end of World War I caused a deep shock to the patriotic citizens of Germany.
·   The Great Depression further deepened their frustration and prompted them to turn against the Republican Government.
·    Hitler who emerged at that time was gifted speaker. He could whip up the passion of the audience.
·   In 1923, he made an attempt to capture the power in Bavaria which landed him in prison.
·   In 1933 election, Nazi party got the majority and Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany.
 
2. Attempt a narrative account of how the process of decolonization happened in India during the inter&war period (1919&39).
The decolonization process started in India with the launch of the Swadeshi Movement in 1905. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 brought about rapid political as well as economic changes.
Government India Act of 1919:
· The Government India Act of 1919 introduced Dyarchy in India.
· It provided for elected provincial assemblies as well as for Indian ministers to hold certain portfolios under Transferred subjects.
·  The Congress rejected Dyarchy and decided to boycott the legislature.
Lack of measures to industrialise India:
·  The Government of British India provided incentives for the British iron and steel industry by purchasing contracts.
·  But in the case of indigenous industries, support was only in the form of providing technical advice and education.
·  However, this policy was soon abandoned because many British enterprises were hostile to state intervention.
India and the Great Depression:
· Bilateral trade treaties between the British and the member states of the British Empire were signed.
· By the treaties, the participants (including India) agreed to give preference to imperial goods (British) over non&imperial goods.
·  The government of British India raised revenue tariffs in the Depression years.
· The currency exchange policy pursued by the British government fuelled tensions between the colonial government and its subjects.
· It intensified the political agitation against British rule.
Impact of Depression on Indian Agriculture:
·  The value of farm products was declined by half.
·  At same time, the land rent to be paid by the peasants remained unchanged.
·  The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists to demand protection for the  internal economy.
Government India Act of 1935:
·  This Act provide for greater power of the local governments and the introduction of  direction elections.
·   In the elections held under this Act, the Indian National Congress won a resounding victory in most of the provinces.
· The decision of Britain to involve India in the Second world War, without consulting  the Congress ministries in provinces, forced the latter to resign from office.
 
3.Describe the rise and growth of nationalist politics in South Africa.
· In 1909, the British Parliament passed the South Africa Act and provided for a Union Parliament at Cape Town.
· The Four states – Natal, Cape Colony, Orange Free State and Transvaal formed into Union of South Africa in May 1910.
· There were two main political parties such as The Unionist Party which was dominated by the British and the South Africa Party which had largely Afrikaners (Boers).
· The first Prime Minister, Botha belonged to the South African Party ruled in cooperation with the British.
·  But, a military section of the South Africa Party formed the National Party under Herzog.
·  In the 1920 election, the National Party gained forty four seats and the South Africa Party now led by Smuts secured forth one seats.
·  At this juncture the British dominated Unionist Party merged with the South Africa  Party.
·  In 1924 election, the National Party with the support of the Labour movement  composed mainly of white miners won the election.
·  By the Act of 1924, blacks were not permitted to join trade unions, voting right was abolished and denied all rights.

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